ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in urine parameters during fasting. Dawn and sunset urine samples after 12 hours fasting were compared in normal 100 volunteers [57 male + 43 female]. Urine samples were submitted for checking of its osmolality, specific gravity, PH, protein, sugar and for microscopic constituents, [RBC, pus cells, crystals, bacteria, mucous, casts per high power field [HPF]]. Results of both samples were statistically compared and changes with regard to gender were also evaluated. After 12 hours fasting, urine osmolality and specific gravity increased significantly from aphmean of 633 m osmol/kg to 748 m osmol/kg and from 1016 to 1022 respectively. Mean urine PH decreased from 5.4 to 5.3 RBC/HPF increased from 1.2 to 1.7 and pus cells/HPF increased from 1.8 to 2.3. It was concluded that urine parameters of normal persons are not change by fasting significantly a part from that related to increased urine concentration and those findings were identical in both sexes. Crystals concentration in urine decreased with increased urine concentration by fasting
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Islam , Osmolar Concentration , Specific Gravity , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Proteinuria , Carbohydrates/urine , Erythrocytes , Suppuration/urine , Bacteria , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of semi quantitative methods for estimation of protein and sugar in urine as shown by their agreement with the quantitative estimation. Hundred randomly collected samples of urine were analysed for levels of protein and sugar. Protein estimation was dine by dipstick and sulphosalicylic acid method (SSA) and sugar by dipstick and Benedict's semi-quantitative methods. Kappa analysis was done on Epi Info 6.03 software to assess the agreement of these semi quantitative methods with the quantitative estimation. Neither of the two tests for urine protein, dipstick or SSA, showed good agreement with the quantitative estimation (Kappa coefficient: 0.26 and 0.07 respectively). However, the dipstick was significantly better than SSA (p < 0.05). For urine sugar, both dipstick and Benedict's tests showed good agreement with the quantitative estimation (Kappa coefficient: 0.78 and 0.84 respectively). The difference between them was insignificant. Results demonstrate that for urine protein, dipstick or SSA show poor agreement with quantitative values. For urine sugar estimation, Benedict's semi-quantitative test shows good agreement with the quantitative values and is as good as the dipstick method.